Phishing is a form of cyberattack, where a message recipient is tricked into a clicking a link through to a fake webpage with the aim of persuading them to enter personal information. Although is mostly carried out over email, this activity has now spread to social media, messaging services and apps.
The goal of the scammer is to trick the target into doing what the scammer wants in order to infiltrate an aspect of their target's personal and work life. That might be handing over passwords to make it easier to hack a company, or altering bank details so that payments go to fraudsters instead of the correct account, etc.
Example:
"Last year I fell victim to a really clever password phishing attack, in which a hacker used a fake google authenticator page to steal my password and 2-factor code."
